Zolla Law Firm

 
 

 
 
DECEMBER 2024 NEWSLETTER
 
 

 
 

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2024 was a difficult year for me, but I'm still grateful for my family, friends, and amazing clients.  I hope you all have a very Happy Holidays and are looking forward to 2025.

The estate tax credit for 2025 is $13.99 million; and
The annual gift tax exclusion is $19,000. 

As you know, the last few years I've been warning you that the exemption will likely drop to $7 million on January 1, 2026.  Thanks to this November's presidential and congressional election, it's now more likely that the estate an​d gift tax excluded amounts will remain as they are.  It's also possible the administration will attempt to eliminate the estate tax from the Internal Revenue Code completely.  I guess we'll just have to see how estate planning develops in the coming years! 

 
 
How to Amend Your Trust
In last year's newsletter, I mentioned that the courts were split on how a person can amend a trust, specifically when the trust itself provides a specific procedure for an amendment.  Thankfully, this issue was resolved by the California Supreme Court in February (Haggerty v. Thornton).  The Court decided that if a trust document said the method described in the trust was the "exclusive" or "only" method, then the trust creator could only use that method to amend the trust.  However, if the trust merely described a method, then the trust creator could use that procedure OR the procedure set forth in Probate Code Section 15401.  This was the right result and removed a lot of ambiguity in drafting.

When would a trust creator want to include language saying that its described method was the exclusive way to amend a trust?  Probably in a situation when the creator (or her attorney) was concerned about undue influence or capacity.  You can imagine a scenario where a trust creator has been diagnosed with dementia, but wants to change her trust.  She may have adequate capacity to do so in the first few years of her illness, and be very clear about her preferred beneficiaries and successor trustees.  In that first amendment, though, her attorney may put in a few "hoops" for the trust creator to jump through if she wants to make any additional changes.  For instance, the document may say that the creator has to send the trust amendment to the trustee by certified mail, or that the creator and trustee have to sign the amendment at the same time.  If those methods are "exclusive" then a sloppy person who wants to force his relative to sign a trust amendment in his favor probably won't catch that the method of amendment has to meet those particular (and somewhat uncommon) requirements, which would make the amendment invalid.  But a savvy attorney will follow the requirement to the letter (after ensuring that the creator still has the capacity to revise the trust).  It's just another way to make sure that the trust creator is protected and her wishes are followed (and not unduly influenced).  
 
 
My Experience as a Trustee
As I mentioned above, this year has been hard.  A dear relative has become incapacitated, and I am the successor trustee of their trust and agent under their durable power of attorney.   Besides the emotional toil of witnessing my relative's decline and doing everything I can to ensure their comfort, I am seeing the other side of my work.  And, I've learned it's not easy!  These are just some of the many issues I've been dealing with in the last few months:

My relative's brokerage company didn't like the letter my relative's doctor wrote concerning their incapacity, so I had to (gently) request that the doctor write a second letter and gave the doctor suggested language.

The brokerage company treats my authority as successor trustee of the trust differently from my authority as agent under the power of attorney (as it should), so the information I can see online for the trust account vs. the retirement account is very different.  In many cases, I have to call the office to access the IRA, but could have easily handled a similar transaction for the trust on the website.

It took me four months to sort out issues with Social Security, change the mailing address, and confirm my authority as my relative's Designated Payee.  I learned that Social Security doesn't respect a California Statutory Form Power of Attorney, and I had to follow their unique procedures to manage the account.  Everyone I spoke to in the Campbell office was very nice, but clearly overworked and saddled with outdated computer systems.

I decided to rent out my relative's home to avoid a significant capital gains tax, but that required changing their homeowner's insurance policy to a landlord policy.  Thanks to the current fight between the big insurance carriers (State Farm, Allstate, etc.) and the California Insurance Commissioner, it has been incredibly difficult to get a new policy issued.  My relative's insurance broker has been helpful in researching policies that will work, but the process is much more complicated than I had ever imagined. 

I am trying to do everything by-the-book.  The only time I've said I was my relative (instead of myself, as the agent) was when I cancelled their $10/monthly contribution to their public radio station.  In each other event, I have identified myself and my authority, and offered to upload, email, or fax a copy of the power of attorney.  (You wouldn't believe how helpful a fax machine has been for this work!)  I have tried to be pleasant with each customer service agent, but assertive and persistent.  If I don't see that an issue was resolved within two weeks, I call back and start again.  I have a folder in Google Docs where I keep pertinent documents which I share with other interested parties.   I am not sure they want all of it, but I think communication and transparency is key for a successful trustee.

I am hopeful that most of the financial mess will be sorted by the end of the year.  But, my work won't be done.  I'll still have to invest prudently and handle payments to their assisted living facility.  I am also the co-agent of my relative's advance health care directive, which requires ongoing care and maintenance.  And, in my spare time, I'm undertaking the daunting task of sorting through their voluminous (and completely disorganized) photos, slides, and 8mm films!

 
 
The Intersection of AI and Probate
For those of you who have made it this far, here's an amusing poem written by Chat GPT at my request:

Probate is a process strange and queer
wherein the court does interfere
with the deceased's assets here and there
distributing them with utmost care.

It's a legal dance, a bureaucratic waltz
where paperwork piles high, and time exalts
the complexities of life and death
as heirs await with bated breath.

Oh what a tangled web we weave
when probate's snarled, and heirs bereave
but through it all, the court's decree
resolves the estate, eventually.


 
 
Zolla Law Firm
Both of my kids are now in college (Go Bears!), and I am taking advantage of their 5-week winter break and will be on vacation from January 3-11.  Have a wonderful Holiday, and I’ll look forward to speaking with many of you in the New Year.
 
 

 
 
This Newsletter is for information and discussion purposes only.  Before any action is taken, professional advice, based on your specific situation, should be obtained.